Gunsmithing | Hall Precision and Gunsmithing

NRA 2A Day

The NRA will be by our shop on 6/24/2023 to have a meet and greet! You can meet our local NRA-ILA Virginia Campaign Field Representative, talk about the officials coming up for election, and if you haven’t already sign up and get an NRA membership. The event will be 11am to 1pm and weather permitting will be outside or inside of our shop.

Come on in and say hello and check things out!

Additional details, and RSVP details on the event are on the NRA website: https://www.nrailafrontlines.com/nra_2a_day_hall_precision

ATF eForm 4 Wait Times

We hear it all the time, questions on what the lead time is from the ATF on the processing of form 4’s and form 1’s. Well to make a long story short, there is not much you can do to change that wait time. As we always tell folks get the paperwork started sooner than later and the wait will be over before you know it.

However a couple of things to note on it all:

Electronic forms are processed nearly twice as fast as paper (We only do electronic forms)
There is no secret method or handshake to expedite your paperwork, first come, first served. (Only if you are on military orders and received a change of station does this get expedited)
The ATF wait times will always vary, we can only tell you what the current processing time we are seeing is.
The ATF is limited with how many examiners they can hire to handle the millions of submissions each year.

So knowing this, what is the deal with the wait times then? As of writing this (March, 2023) we are seeing eform 4’s back at 9 months. I know what your thinking, electronic submission should mean instant approval right? Well not quite, your fingerprints still need to be reviewed by the FBI who does the background check. Paperwork still needs to be reviewed by an examiner and make sure all the details match up correctly and that nothing is slipping through the cracks. Someone still has to sign off on the background check being complete, and if you have a trust that means every person on the trust still goes through this, as well as reviewing the trust documents itself. Now combine this with laws from 50 different states and federal levels to be reviewed on each transaction and it makes this much more involved. Fairly complex to automate in that situation, especially when they want to have an examiner accountable for the approval.

Current Wait Times as of 03/2023:
eForm 4: 9 Months
eForm 1: 45 Days

So, how can this be improved? Well obviously we would like to see the NFA go away and these would be instant take home items, but we know that’s a long way’s off from occurring (Contact your representatives and get them moving on it!). However for what can be done right now, making sure your information is correct on your forms. When the eForms get submitted you get an email copy of them. Review that document, make sure your name, address, date of birth, country of birth, etc. Are all correct on that form! If not contact your dealer immediately and let them know so the corrections can be started. Otherwise you will find out it’s wrong all the way at the end of the process, and with the new eForm system you can’t make a correction… you start over again.

So the quick run down to help make your process faster:

Review your personal information on your application
Make sure the device listed on the form is correct
Double check all your trust paperwork is complete and all responsible persons have been included on your form 4 or form 1
If you have had your rights restored, be sure that paperwork is included when you submit your tax stamp application (otherwise IT WILL BE DENIED)
Do all of the above for anyone that is listed as a responsible on your trust if you are applying with a trust.

We use the SilencerShop system to process our paperwork and have found it to be excellent at handling everything. Not only do they review the information, but the automation reduces the errors caused by filling out things in duplicate or parts being left out on old paper forms. Combine that with our recommendations and your paperwork will go through quickly and efficiently. Patience is all it takes. As we say: “We make it as simple as pay and wait!”

A proper inspection of a firearm

Many people have older firearms, and even sometimes a newer firearm that looks a bit rough, or maybe even just traded for another firearm, something that you just don’t really know the true condition of the firearm as it was used by someone else. Many times the firearm is just fine, but regardless the firearm should be inspected to make sure it is operating correctly, and safe to fire. Be this something you do yourself or you bring in for us to look at; there are a few key things to check on your newly acquired firearm before shooting it.

Make sure the firearm is unloaded before you inspect it!

This should go without saying, but the number of times we have customers bring in loaded guns for us to look at is too damn high. So remove the magazine from the firearm, and check the chamber to be empty before proceeding.

Check for bore obstructions

Check your barrel to make sure you can see light at the other end. It doesn’t matter if it is grease, dirt, or a bullet stuck down the barrel, it will create back pressure and blow up. Your gun doesn’t care why or what it’s plugged with, just that it is. If the obstruction doesn’t come out with a cleaning patch or a jag, then bring it in to us to investigate and attempt removal. Incorrect removal techniques on obstructions will only cause more damage to the firearm.

Check for proper operation

The firearm must work correctly to fire as well as be safe to use. Check that the bolt, slide, or charging handle operates freely and without hangups or hesitation. Make sure that the safety engages and that the firearm does not fire with the safety turned on. Make sure that attempting to fire with the safety on does not disengage the safety as well. Ensure magazines fit and remove from the firearm correctly. Look for marks and indications that the fire control components might have been modified or tampered with. Sometimes people will attempt to do a trigger job or lighten a trigger to a point that the firearm can become unsafe. Part of this check should be engaging the safety on the firearm and giving it a good solid thump. Weakened fire control components will often discharge the firearm when subjected to a solid bump or jarring. A gun that is unsafe no matter the age or condition is unsafe for firing or use, and should be corrected or made unable to fire to prevent a potentially deadly accident from occurring.

Check for rust, cracking, signs of fatigue

If you can see pitting, deep rust, cracked metal, or other signs of metals stressing… chances are it’s not safe to shoot either. Some pitting is alright and can allow a firearm to still be shot and used, it’s a matter of where, on what, and how deep the pitting is that can change a simply neglected gun into an unsafe gun. If you see any signs of the above, you should have it looked at by a gunsmith. Even a cracked stock will worsen unless you attend to it, just like the metal on the firearm. No one wants a gun to blow up on them, and no one wants a sharp piece of wood from a broken stock going into their shoulder or face when it shatters under recoil.

Be sure of what the firearm is chambered for

The number of firearms that have been reworked, re-barreled, or re-chambered and don’t have the correct designations on them is surprisingly high. It’s not uncommon for us to see an AR-15 or even old hunting rifles with no markings on the barrel for it’s chambering. Many times if it is marked it is going to be as marked, but it doesn’t hurt to check the head-space to make sure that it is safe to fire as well as give you confirmation that it is as advertised. If a barrel is not marked, usually the only way to verify the chamber dimensions is to do a cast and take measurements to confirm what it is setup for. Specialty metals are used specifically for this purpose so as to not cause damage to the firearm and to reduce shrinking (or expansion) of materials to make sure you get the most accurate measurements possible for cross reference.

There is alot more details to go over when inspecting a firearm as well. But those are all key things needed just to make sure the firearm is safe for use. Other things can affect performance, behavior, or even show indications of a firearm that is on the verge of failing that an experienced gunsmith is going to be able to identify. Signs of where someone else got into a firearm and might have tampered with something, stress indicators, lockup tolerances and slop within components. All indicators that the firearm is having trouble in a specific area that is far too much to go into for a post on the internet. If you are ever unsure if your firearm is unsafe to fire then you should bring it by an experienced gunsmith for a proper inspection. Most will offer that as part of their cleaning service to make sure you are getting a firearm back in your hands that is safe to fire.

Pinning and welding muzzle brakes

In most states it is not required to have a pinned and welded muzzle brake or flash hider. Only a few require such so as to prevent a firearm from having a threaded barrel. Usually that requirement is made so that you can’t easily attach a silencer to the firearm. Without much surprise you can get suppressors that work with muzzle brakes for quick detach features. Making this all really a silly thing in the big picture.

So besides those states why would you ever pin and weld a muzzle brake onto your gun? Unfortunately it’s all because of a minimum length requirement. Having a barrel less than 16 inches on a rifle turns its classification into a short barrel rifle. Which would need a $200 tax stamp from the ATF to legally own. To avoid the firearm being classified as a short barrel rifle, folks will pin and weld onto it a muzzle brake to bring its length back out to the 16 inch minimum.

But why make your barrel less than 16 inches to start with? Look at the detractors first:

Less accuracy, a longer barrel will always reduce your cone of fire thus making it more accurate.
Less velocity, most rifle cartridges are based around a 16 or 18 inch barrel. Being less than that means less powder is being burned and used.
Barrel material, some barrels simply can’t be cut down due to what they are made of and how they were heat treated. It could potentially introduce cracking, flaking, or even damage to barrel linings.
Uneven twist rates, cutting down a barrel or picking a shorter than normal barrel length for that twist rate can make the bullet unstable in its flight, creating wider shot groups or even keyholeing (the bullet hitting the target sideways).
Disruption to natural barrel harmonics, resulting in opening up shot groups.

Usually customers don’t mind a little loss of accuracy or a bit less distance in the capabilities of their gun. But the last few mentioned is something critical to keep in mind. Some barrels are very specific in how they are tuned, in materials, twist rate, heat treatment, and barrel profile. Disrupting the design of the barrel by cutting it down can have major effects to it, including a possibility of baffle strikes inside of a suppressor if you attach one. So the real question comes down to what do you have to gain from cutting a barrel down?

The only reasons we get is that someone wants to mimic a certain style of firearm such as an M4, or want a little bit shorter gun to transition from inside a vehicle to outside but want to stay to minimal legal lengths. And there is no problem with that! But we always strongly encourage getting a barrel specifically made to such a length instead of cutting one down so that you can get the highest quality results out of it. Barrels made to be the often needed 14.5 inches will have an optimized twist rate, the harmonics shifted with changes to barrel contour profiles, through barrel coatings inside and out, and correct tempering and heat treatment of the barrel for that length. Several factors that will make it shoot circles around a barrel that has been cut down.

Long story short, it’s cool if you want an Mforgery (reproduction m4) but spend a bit of extra money and get a barrel that is made at the factory specifically to be used for that application.

Lightening Trigger Pulls

One of the most common things customers come in and ask for us to do is to lighten the trigger pull of their firearm. It’s such a common request and desire that alot of people think it’s something as simple as just pulling the parts and putting them on a buffing wheel. However if it was just that simple we wouldn’t be offering it as a service that we charge for.

The misconceptions

As mentioned above, people think that adjusting a trigger pull is a fairly simple process that is just a basic stoning or polishing of a trigger. While there is polishing and stoning involved you can’t just go at it wildly and it’s not the single greatest effect on a trigger either!

See the trigger on a firearm is composed of very specific angles that the designer put in place to ensure the safety and smooth action of the firearm. Staying to those angles and specifications is key when you polish or stone a hammer, sear, or other trigger components. If you change those angles the trigger pull can get harder or easier. However there are a few factors on this. If too much material is removed, the sear might not engage at all, thus the firearm won’t fire or even worse could go off when not intended to! Additionally, some triggers components are what is called surface hardened, where only a very thin portion of it is hardened and the under laying metal is softer. With that scenario only so much material can be removed, as taking away more will lead to a nice trigger, but over time the trigger will wear down too quickly, causing to become dangerous or the trigger pull to become worse. Even more so, if you use a polishing wheel you can bring the temperatures up higher than they should be for some components and damage their overall integrity for the long haul, or quickly remove that very thin surface layer of hardness, or even coatings applied to them. Many facing surfaces are so small that they must be polished by hand with fine tools to ensure that surrounding areas are not effected or changed. Usually it’s just a few strokes that are needed from a stone to smooth them out.

So it’s simple right? Stick to the specifications, don’t take off too much, and with a few strokes of a file and a bit of polishing you can take off pounds of trigger pull weight? Not… quite… See reshaping, stoning, and polishing internal components only go so far. Sometimes the components when they are mass produced are just way out of specifications to the point that they need to be replaced. But the bigger factor is what people overlook the most, the springs themselves! You can polish and clean up the parts all you want, and you will end up with a cleaner feeling trigger that might be a pound or so lighter depending on the gun (some it’s a massive change). However if you are shooting a double action revolver, it’s the mainspring you are fighting the most. Each trigger pull that spring must be compressed. Depending on the gun you could have a 15-20lb main spring you need to fight against. On top of that, you have trigger return springs, rebound springs, firing pin block springs, disconnector springs… all sorts depending on the style, brand, and model gun you have. Each one of those creates more weight that you have to apply to the trigger to pull it.

So the fix is simple you would think right? Stone, polish, reshape, and put in a bunch of lighter springs and you have the best trigger ever! Mostly true, because if you put in too light of a spring for example on your mainspring or striker spring (the one responsible for applying force to your firing pin impacts) you end up with light primer strikes. At which point now your gun is unreliable. You can do the same thing to other parts like your firing pin blocks and disconnectors. If the springs are too weak, they could get stuck in the blocked positions or unlocked positions depending on the design of the gun. Which means you have a potentially unsafe firearm.

The right balance

As you guessed it’s about having the right balance in your firearm. Cleaning, stoning and polishing components will always make an improvement, usually just a pound or two in the grand scheme of the mechanical working. However many of our customers want several pounds taken off the trigger pull as they might not be strong enough to manipulate it, or want something for competition. This is what replacing the springs in the firearm will accomplish. When you combine the two efforts together, you can accomplish wonderful trigger pulls of 1.5 to even 2.5 pounds on most production run firearms without the need of modified trigger bars, sears, hammers, etc. Many people want this level of lightness in a trigger but have concerns on reliability or even fears of accidental discharges. If the job has been done by a competent gunsmith and you have put one or two hundred rounds through the gun after the job was done, reliability is not going to be a factor, it’s going to be how comfortable you are with carrying a lighter pull firearm.

Carrying and using a lighter pull firearm

Finally, it comes down to this, just how comfortable are you going to be with carrying a firearm that has it’s trigger modified to be lighter. We hear many issues on this, the two largest is will there be a legal issue if used in self defense, and is it too light to be used for self defense. Both of these are questions you need to really ask yourself personally. However our logic on it is this: If you use a firearm in self defense you went and pulled out a lethal means of self defense and pointed it at a perpetrator. That alone means you had the intent to shoot the bad guy, more so if you pulled the trigger you definitely intended to shoot him/her regardless of what the trigger pull is. Which brings me to the next point, that through training you should learn to keep your finger off the trigger until you are on target and ready to shoot, so regardless of the trigger pull your finger shouldn’t be on the trigger until you are sure of the target and want to shoot. If you are not confident in your level of training and skill to not have your finger on the trigger before you identify the target, not only should you not get a trigger job done on that carry firearm, but you should be looking at spending that money on more training and practice.